International Businesses Essay

What are the ramifications of these movements for worldwide organizations situated in Britain? North America? Hong Kong? In the course of the most recent 30 years, there has been a move away from a world in which national economies are generally independent substances, disconnected by hindrances to exchange and speculation, and contrasts in government guideline, culture, and business frameworks and toward a reality where boundaries to exchange and venture are declining, societies are meeting, and national economies are converging into a coordinated, associated worldwide monetary framework. As organizations from Japan and developing markets like China assume a progressively essential job on the planet economy, the strength of organizations from the United States and Western Europe has reduced. Critical ramifications for British firms include their need to look past Europe and America for speculation and openings. Customer spending power is becoming the most rapidly in creating nations . English firms likewise face the chance (and the danger) of pulling in Asian firms intrigued by Britain as a platform for the European market. For North American firms, similar remains constant, in spite of the fact that the significance of the expanding flourishing in Latin America recommends a conceivably colossal market in â€Å"their backyard.† Hong Kong, while losing its â€Å"independence†, is seen as the passage to the enormous market of terrain China. While the free market opportunities Hong Kong firms have delighted in are currently less underestimated, access to China is improving alongside the move towards a market economy inside China. Global organizations situated in every one of the three areas are confronting new chances and dangers.

Chemistry of BHA and BHT Food Preservatives

Science of BHA and BHT Food Preservatives Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and the related compound butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are phenolic aggravates that are frequently added to nourishments to safeguard fatsâ and oils and shield them from getting rank. They are added to food, beauty care products, and pressing of items that contain fats to keep up supplement levels, shading, flavor, and scent. BHT is additionally sold as a dietary enhancement for use as a cell reinforcement. The synthetic substances are found in a broad rundown of items, yet there is worry about their security. Investigate the compound properties of these atoms, how they work, and why their utilization is dubious. BHA Characteristics BHA is a blend of the isomers 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. Otherwise called BOA, tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, (1,1-dimethylethyl)- 4-methoxyphenol, tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, antioxyne B, and under different exchange namesMolecular equation C11H16O2White or yellowish waxy solidFaint trademark fragrant smell BHT Characteristics Otherwise called 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; methyl-di-tert-butyl phenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresolMolecular equation C15H24OWhite powder How Do They Preserve Food? BHA and BHT are cancer prevention agents. Oxygen responds specially with BHA or BHT as opposed to oxidizing fats or oils, in this way shielding them from decay. Notwithstanding being oxidizable, BHA and BHT are fat-dissolvable. The two particles are contradictory with ferric salts. Notwithstanding protecting nourishments, BHA and BHT are likewise used to save fats and oils in beauty care products and pharmaceuticals. What Foods Contain BHA and BHT? BHA is commonly used to shield fats from getting foul. It is additionally utilized as a yeast de-frothing operator. BHA is found in margarine, meats, oats, biting gum, prepared products, nibble nourishments, got dried out potatoes, and lager. It is additionally found in creature feed, food bundling, beautifiers, elastic items, and oil based commodities. BHT likewise forestalls oxidative rancidity of fats. It is utilized to save food smell, shading, and flavor. Many bundling materials fuse BHT. It is likewise added legitimately to shortening, grains, and different nourishments containing fats and oils. Are BHA and BHT Safe? Both BHA and BHT have experienced the added substance application and audit process required by the US Food and Drug Administration. In any case, a similar synthetic properties which make BHA and BHT incredible additives may likewise be embroiled in wellbeing impacts. The examination prompts clashing ends. The oxidative qualities and additionally metabolites of BHA and BHT may add to cancer-causing nature or tumorigenicity; be that as it may, similar responses may battle oxidative pressure and help detoxify cancer-causing agents. A few examinations show low dosages of BHA are harmful to cells, while higher portions might be defensive, while different investigations yield precisely the contrary outcomes. There is proof that specific people may experience issues using BHA and BHT, bringing about wellbeing and conduct changes. However, BHA and BHT may have antiviral and antimicrobial exercises. Research is in progress concerning the utilization of BHT in the treatment of herpes simplex and AIDS. References and Additional Reading This is a genuinely extensive rundown of online references. While the science and viability of BHA, BHT, and different added substances inside food is direct, the debate encompassing wellbeing impacts is hot, so a few perspectives are accessible. Antagonistic Effects of Some Inactive Ingredients - Summary of wellbeing impacts announced for colors and additives, including food hues, BHA, BHT, sodium benzoate, nitrates, nitrites, and monosodium glutamate.Chemical Cuisine: CSPIs Guide to Food Additives - This site incorporates a glossary, clarification of malignant growth testing, sequential posting of added substances, and a rundown of added substances that have been banned.Common Food Additives - CNN In-Depth gives this outline posting added substances and their science, utilizes, regular items containing the added substances, and revealed side effects.Fresh Look at Food Preservatives - Judith E. Foulke gives a review of the additive use and guideline, she explicitly examines BHA, BHT, and sulfites.Chemical Sensitivity Homepage - This site talks about the failure of harmed sensory tissue to utilize explicit toxins.The Feingold Association of the United States - The Feingold Association gives broad data about the impacts of oil inferred added substances and salicylates (both normal and engineered) on the conduct/wellbeing of defenseless people.

Problems in Baltimore

Baltimore is a port city that is loaded up with numerous well known vacation destinations, for example, its historical centers, aquarium, and sports groups. It is additionally a city that has been on the decrease for a long time. The wrongdoing, medications, and joblessness levels have all ascended in the course of recent decades. Back in the Baltimore prime, it was a blasting city with elevated levels of port traffic. Today in any case, the ports are not seeing as much action as in the past and that has prompted an expansion in joblessness and wrongdoing. Could Baltimore be on a similar way Camden, NJ was on: blasting port overwhelmed by wrongdoing and medications? The TV arrangement â€Å"The Wire†Ã¢â‚¬  was situated in and on Baltimore. Made and composed by a previous writer for The Baltimore Sun, David Simon, each season centers around an alternate feature of the city: the illicit medication exchange, the ocean port framework, the regional government and administration, the educational system, and the print news media. The demonstrate attempted to make a sensible vision of an American city through honest characters. There are acceptable cops depicted in the show, anyway a large number of the officials are inept, show unreasonable power, and are depicted as having human characteristics. A few inhabitants and city authorities credit the arrangement for expanded examination by the media on its administration, training framework, medicate issue, and wrongdoing. It shed light on the unlawful medication use in the city and its consequences for the lower class' capacity to develop in the fields of instruction and association. In 2011, the U. S. Registration Bureau detailed that Baltimore County, MD had a populace comprising of 65. 4% white and 26. 8% dark/African American inhabitants. The middle family pay in Baltimore County is $63,959. Separated further, minority middle salary is $31,400 versus $57,048 for white/caucasian inhabitants. The nation over, expenses and expenses of products and ventures is on the ascent. It is exceptionally hard for a group of four to live on $31,000 per year without open lodging help and government assistance programs. The destitution insights are fascinating. As indicated by the statistics information, 28% of Baltimore families with youngsters younger than 18 are living beneath the destitution level. That number increments to 40. % for female-headed families with no dad present. The fault for destitution is a well established inquiry which generally creates similar answers: high charges, boundaries to word related section, and other financial variables. At the point when you calculate decision the condition, the numbers change essentially. The destitution rate lessens significantly for family units that decide to wed and have youngsters further down the road, acquire an advanced education, and remain of out prison. The neediness rate for wedded families with kids younger than 18 is 7. 4%. The appropriate response appears to be basic: get advanced education and wed sometime down the road. Cecelia Elena Rouse, a financial analyst and Dean of the Woodrow WilsonSchool of Public and International issues at Princeton University, led center gatherings in Baltimore City, MD. She was taking a gander at salary desires to decide whether there was a relationship between's normal pay and school participation. The example comprised of low-pay minority secondary school seniors. She found that salary desires for low-pay minority understudies are not all that unique in relation to higher-pay understudies. Low-salary understudies are less ready to transform their school plans into school participation (Rouse 1314). The Maryland State Department of Education has detailed that beginning in 2007, city schools were starting to show progress in its school change exertion; graduation rates were rising while dropout rates were diminishing. While progress has been made, more work and concentrate should be done in the Baltimore instruction framework. The non-participation rate has been perceived as an issue among low salary understudies. Poor understudies are multiple times bound to be constantly missing than their companions. Issues disrupting the general flow of good school participation incorporate insufficient transportation, temperamental lodging, absence of human services, high occurrence of constant sickness, and poor nourishment and wellbeing concerns (Chang 7). Baltimore is one of three urban areas that have endeavored to address the issue of truancy. The school locale and the network have banded together in building a culture of participation. Key awards and ventures have assisted with making this conceivable. Franklin Square Elementary and Middle School is an effective model in Baltimore. Roughly 91% of its understudies get free or decreased cost snacks and the class sizes are huge, regularly at least 40 understudies in a class. In spite of that, the school has one of the most noteworthy participation rates in the city. There is an effort program that considers understudies responsible and makes a domain of needing to go to class. The school gives clean regalia, dental consideration, after school exercises, and free hair styles to help support participation (Chang 9). The inquiry that should be addressed is can the secondary school culture in Baltimore keep on developing this safe, supporting condition, for example, the one made at the Franklin School. Upper basic and secondary school understudies offer new issues that should be tended to; teenager pregnancy, sedate use, and groups being three that stand apart the most. In the mid 1990's, an investigation was finished in Baltimore that concentrated on adolescent moms. It began in the late 1960's and followed 200 fifty high school moms who conceived an offspring during that time. In 1988, the main conceived of the adolescent moms were in their youngster years and the example measurements indicated 37% had dropped out of school, 46% had finished secondary school, and 17% went on to advanced education. This investigation closed there was an immediate connection to the quantity of years the dad was available, high maternal training desires, barely any years on government assistance, high preschool psychological capacity, participation in preschool, and no evaluation disappointment in primary school and proceeded with instruction past secondary school (Brooks-Gunn 278). In its fourth season, â€Å"The Wire†Ã¢â‚¬  concentrated on the instruction framework in Baltimore. A first year center school math instructor, who was a previous police investigator, battles to associate with his understudies. A considerable lot of these understudies were educated in sedate managing and posse exercises. He went to the acknowledgment that so as to get them to learn, he needed to fool them into learning. The fourth period of â€Å"The Wire † concentrated on the social conditions that cripple the Baltimore instruction framework: divided families, declining neighborhoods with not many real employments, unconcerned city pioneers, and an absence of instructive assets. Indeed, even the understudies who need to learn face huge snags, one of the greatest being the Baltimore training framework contrasted with others in the nation, is a long ways behind. â€Å"The Wire † depicted the issues tormenting the understudies and educators. It is an example that will keep on being rehashed many ages until the city, state, and central governments make a promise to modify it. As indicated by the FBI wrongdoing measurements discharged in 2011, Baltimore is the fifth deadliest city in the nation and the seventh generally hazardous in by and large fierce wrongdoing in spite of its most reduced crime rate since the 1980's. It has taken many years of destitution, disinvestment in the network, and a general feeling of sadness for Baltimore to get known as such a savage city. Capturing and indicting lawbreakers is a significant advance in fighting wrongdoing, anyway reinvestment into the network by administrative, state, and neighborhood governments is additionally expected to transform the city into a sheltered, prosperous condition. There is a long-standing hypothesis that recommends that adolescents are bound to utilize heroin, split, as well as cocaine on the off chance that they have first utilized liquor or pot, the last which is gone before by liquor and tobacco. In an investigation that was led in Baltimore, the middle age for first medication use (liquor, tobacco, and weed) was 14 years of prior and first heroin, break, and cocaine utilize was 17 years old (Curry 441). Parental medication utilize was a deciding component in anticipating youth tranquilize clients and furthermore peer impact (Curry 442). There should be proceeded with center around teaching and restoring the youthful medication clients before they start investigating with infusion sedate use. The Baltimore Neighborhood Indicators Alliance was propelled in 2002 to set up a method of understanding the changing neighborhoods and personal satisfaction inside the city. Forty result pointers were created so as to gauge progress and to consider the city initiative responsible (Bembry 97). An examination was led looking at five US urban areas, Baltimore being one of them, and the impacts of government investing on the urban communities over energy. Two â€Å"health checks † were taken, six years separated and saw hardship factors: destitution, joblessness, reliance, lodging worked before 1939, rate without a secondary school certificate, and the crime percentage (Parker 1844). In every city, there was noteworthy advancement over the range of six years which show that government spending, or any spending at the administrative, state, and additionally neighborhood levels, can help renew the network. In intense financial occasions, there is more requirement for government assets to help the network as joblessness rates are high. High joblessness makes distress which spikes wrongdoing. As per the Census Bureau, in 2011 one out of four Baltimore inhabitants lives in neediness leaving over 37% of Baltimore's youngsters live in destitution. Being naturally introduced to neediness is a decent marker for being poor all through life and makes a whole host of issues: secondary school dropouts, horror rates, high destitution rates. Like different chronicled periods ever, being naturally introduced to neediness makes a high inclination for staying in destitution. Government, state, and nearby projects have made positive change and impacts in urban communities like Baltimore where wrongdoing and neediness are the absolute most elevated in the nation. Anyway during troublesome financial occasions, government spending

Business Law Essay - 825 Words

Business Law Essay (Essay Sample) Content: Business LawSubjectNameInstitutionIn studying hotel management or any service providing sector one needs to understand employment law. This will help the stakeholders the employers and employee to do as it is expected by their profession. The law helps both parties to understand what is expected of them and failure to do these results to breach of contract which attracts remedies. Remedies are laid down penalties to any party that breaches the terms of the contract. Employment law has been put in place to protect employees from exploitation of their employers and protect employers from the exploitation that might be brought by employees (Lambiris, 2012). Question 1.a TermsEmployment contract is made by terms which are implied and express. Implied terms are duties that both parties should play during this engagement. Express terms are terms such as salaries, time of engagement, company policies and what the company expects from an employee. Therefore, in Darcys case st udy the implied terms are duties that he was supposed to perform at the company. Therefore, the implied terms include, exercising skill and being competent, but Darcy breached this term because he was not competent with the computer system (Gibson and Fraser, 2013). This led to mistakes that had consequences to the company. Darcy is also not honest because he gave information in exchange of $50 and yet he is not supposed to do such a thing. The express terms that Darcy breached were the company policy of confidentiality where he gave information to the media of which he was not supposed to do such a thing. Another express term was that the company had a computer reservation system which the staff are well trained on how to use, but Darcy have made mistakes on several occasions that led to guests missing on their bookings. This is because he did not press the confirm button. Darcys manager Renoir had orally reminded him severely on how to use the confirm button. The breached terms a re sufficient to guarantee termination of the contract because Darcy was not working in the best interest of the company (Latimer, 2012). Question 1.b TerminationThe termination can be termed as unfair dismissal to some extent and to some extent it was just dismissal. The reason behind this is that Darcy was not given notice before he was dismissed and yet he had been in employment for a reasonable time. Also, there was no valid reason related to the termination of Darcys contract because he was not at fault because the booking was through internet. Darcy was not given a chance to explain and give his reasons; therefore, this could amount to unfair dismissal. In referring to an earlier case Bi lo vs. Hopper (1992) 53 IR 224 where Hopper was accused of stealing cigarettes from the company because he had marked cigarettes. He was not given a chance to explain just as the same as Darcy. However, termination could be termed as just because Darcy had breached some of the policies of th e company such as being efficient in using the computer reservation system (Lambiris, 2012).Part twoQuestion A The person conducting the business has not breached work health and safety legislation because the supervisor has been trained on the procedure to follow during operation. The supervisor has also been provided with a safety booklet. The owner of the business has done as required by the law to provide the necessary safety precaution and measures to their employees. The employer has taken all the measures to ensure that his employees are not exposed to any health hazard related to performing their duties (Emerson, 2009). The employer has also done what is required by the law that any person who employs more than five people should have a health policy. This is well formulated in section two of the Health and work safety Act. Therefore, in part of the company there is no breach of Act because the supervisor is aware of process and responsible of letting the other employees awa re of the policy (Gillies, 2004). Question BJack the supervisor may also be responsible for breaching the safety legislation because he is the one responsible of letting the junior employees be aware of the safety precautions they should take in performing their duties. Jack also told Emily that she could use protective wear whenever she wanted and yet the safety booklet stated that the protective wear should put on always. The supervisor did not insist on emptying the oil when it is cool as required in the booklet (Goldman and Sigismod, 2010). The supervisor also did not warn Emily on emptying the oil while it is hot and the consequences that might follow in case such a thing happens (Miller and Cross, 2004). Emily has also breached the work health and safety legislation in that...

Case Study 4 - 751 Words

Andy Sparks BUSI 600 1. What would you recommend to the board of NCRCC with respect to adding or changing programming activities like social activities for adults, families with children, and children? Based on the initial investigation, and after the discarding of error sources, I would recommend to the board to incorporate more social activities for the adults (Cooper Schindler, 2014, p. 256). This is due to the seasoned members’ complaints on the lack thereof. After a poll was taken and the external validity was verified through scientific measurement, social activities seemed to be one of the biggest concerns for the tenured members. An index was created to further measure customer satisfaction of the younger group in regards to†¦show more content†¦Of the 41% of the tenured customers that stated they belonged to a swimming and tennis club, 80% of them agreed that a cultural change would suffice. 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Matisse s Bonheur De Vivre ( Joy Of Life ) And Picasso s...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss Matisse’s Bonheur de Vivre (Joy of Life) and Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. This paper will also discuss how both works of art can be simultaneously seen as (1) inspired by, and (2) breaking free of Paul Cà ©zanne’s work The Large Bathers. This discussion will also make note of specific visual references. Matisse (Courtesy of https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b9/Bonheur_Matisse.jpg). Bonheur de Vivre (1905-1906) is considered to be a work created during the Fauvism period of art. Fauvism separated the use of color, from its purpose of representing objects in the real world, and was inspired by works from Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat, and Paul Cà ©zanne.†¦show more content†¦2). Paul Cà ©zanne s work at the Salon d Automne in 1907 deeply influenced Picasso and Georges Braque, as Cezanne had used geometric planes and shapes to represent the natural world in a ground breaking way. In a way, Cezanne’s work became a form of posthumous challenge to both Picasso and Braque. Les Demoiselles d Avignon is an important piece of work to the Cubist movement, but it was more like a prototype. Picasso had abandoned the idea of using three dimensions, and instead flattened his subjects onto a two-dimensional plane. The women themselves at times are distorte d and rely on particular geometric shapes to depict them. Some of the faces seem abstract and more like masks rather than true human faces. The poses of the women are aggressive as prostitutes working professionally and considering the state of sexuality and morality in art at this time, was highly shocking and novel to the audience. Cà ©zanne (Courtesy of https://ka-perseus-images.s3.amazonaws.com/2e2378e2f6d9a91010de8ab0345b54f08c5a24ea.jpg). The Large Bathers (1906) is considered to be a work of Paul Cà ©zanne painted during the post-Impressionism period of art. The work has a haze of blue and green colors, and Cezanne had spent a great deal of time studying nude shapes and the use of space. The Large Bathers is considered to be a well-litShow MoreRelatedPablo Picassos Cubism And Henri Matisse Fauvism1845 Words   |  8 Pagescompletely disordered by revolutionary ideas and styles. This art influenced a vast majority of modern day art. Pablo Picasso’s cubism and Henri Matisse fauvism helped shape this era not only in style of painting, but a revolution against conformity of a social artistic structure. Cubism was a style of painting imagined, created, and performed by Pablo Picasso. Cubism represents an art movement in which geometric shapes are manipulated to conjoint an object. For example, Two different size boxes and

Legal Business Agreement Orthodox Community-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Describe about the Legal Business Agreement for Orthodox Community. Answer: 1.Issue The critical issue in this case is to comment on the presence of the intention from the party to enter into legal relationship and determine that whether Richard has enforceable contract with his father or not. Rule There are certain essential elements of the valid enforceable contracts. There needs to be a valid agreement between the two parties along with the presence of the legal consideration for both the parties involved for the enactment of a contract. Another significant requirement that has to be fulfilled for enactment of an enforceable contract is that the concerned parties entering the contract must have an intention to create legal relations (Carter, 2012). It is noteworthy that all agreement by default are not enforceable contracts in a court of law as some of these are justifiable on moral grounds rather than legal principles. An example of this is in the form of an agreement between brother and sister whereby the brother would give the sister a watch as a present on the upcoming Christmas if she scores well in her exams. In the case that the sister does score well and the brother is not able to gift a watch at Christmas, it does not imply that the sister would sue the brother in court of law for breach of contract (Gibson Fraser, 2014). Such agreements between friends or family members are referred to as domestic or social agreements. These agreements are segregated from the commercial agreement since it in the latter, the intention to create legal relations can be assumed to be present by default (Davenport Parker, 2014). As per the Belfour v Belfour (1919) 2 KB 571, it was ruled the for social and domestic agreements, it is imperative for the parties to clearly prove that intention to be bound legally was indeed present in the contract for it to be held enforceable. However, in such cases the court with approach the case with the presumption that such an intention is not there and looks at evidence which seeks to establish the contrary (Flitzpatrick et. al., 2014). A application of the above presumption was witnessed in the Jones v Padavatton (1969) 1 WLR 328case. In this case, there was a promise from Mrs. Jones to her daughter (Mrs Padavatton) that if she agrees to study law in London, then a monthly compensation of $ 200 would be provided to the daughter. The daughter agreed to the proposal although initially she was reluctant. The two parties had dispute as soon as the daughter went to UK to study law as there was confusion in context of the currency of payment and daughter getting lesser than expected compensation. With the intention of improving the condition, the mother bought a house and allowed the daughter to keep tenants and thereby improve her financial situation. But, shortly afterwards the daughter left her studies unfinished as she entered into a marriage. The mother demanded possession of house citing the breach of contract by the daughter as she could not finish her law course. However, the court went with the presumption that no legal intentions exist and therefore held the contract as unenforceable (Pendleton Vickery, 2005). However, in the Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc (2002) 209 CLR 95 case, it was held that it would be incorrect to rely on the presumption of non-existence of legal intent in domestic and social agreements and thus the factual elements and circumstantial evidence must be considered to determine the presence of any commercial relation between the parties (Flitzpatrick et. al., 2014). Application Facts In this present case, Richard enters into an agreement with his father to conduct mowing in the front and back yards on the property acquired by the family. The house is situated on an one hectare property and the area of the yard is also very large, which required half day in a single week to mow the yards. The contractual amount was set as $200 for a week. His father agreed to pay this amount to Richard. Earlier, he had hired a gardener for this work and paid him $350. After four consecutive weeks his father denies to pay this contractual amount and asks Richard that he should continue to mow without compensation amount since, it is every family members duty to maintain the family property. He also states that there would not be any charge of boarding or lodging for Richard, if he carries the mow free of cost. As per the highlights of the Jones v Padavatton (1969) 1 WLR 328 case, if the presumption of non-existence of legal intention in domestic agreements in upheld, then there is not enforceable contract between Richard and his father. However, in wake of Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc (2002), it is imperative to consider the circumstantial facts from which it is apparent that indeed the parties have an enforceable contract. This is because the father was earlier paying the gardener for this and it is a sizable work requiring considerable time and effort for which Richard ought to be compensated at the agreed rate. Further, since father is a millionaire, there are no affordability issues and the father is merely acting in bad faith. Conclusion From the above argument and removal of the presumption clause, it may be fair to conclude that an enforceable contract does exist between Richard and his father and thereby the father is obliged to make the agreed weekly payments to Richard failing which he can approach court of law. 2. Issue The central concern in the given case is to offer Frere Bros some potential remedies for relief in regard to breach of contract by Joe. Rule As per contract law, breach of contract is a specific situation in which a particular contractual party does not fulfil the obligations arising from the contract. The exact nature and intensity of contract breach tends to be determined at the level of individual case (Gibson Fraser, 2014). In relation to breach of contract, the innocent party (i.e. one who complies with the contract) has been offered some remedies that promote equity and justice in such cases as is apparent from below. Damages Damages are commonly defined as the loss (usually expressed in monetary terms) that has been caused to the innocent party as a result of the contract breach. In accordance to the verdict in the Addis v Gramophone (1909) case, it is apparent that the concept of paying damages in the form of compensation to the aggrieved party is very well accepted and put to use in the common law. These are provided with the following dual intentions (Flitzpatrick et. al., 2014). Ensure that the interests of the aggrieved party are safeguard since it complied with the contractual obligations. By providing that the burden of these damages is borne by the defaulting party, it ensures that such incidents remain under control. The twin intentions stated above assume significance value when consideration is given to the underlying importance of relationships of contractual nature in the field of trade and commerce. It is noteworthy that while awarding damages, the court does not consider the underlying capacity to pay of the defaulter and instead the quantum of damages awarded to the aggrieved party is driven by the underlying magnitude of loss suffered (Carter, 2012). Specific Performance Yet another remedy for the aggrieved party to avail is the specific performance. In accordance with the arguments and subsequent decision of the Nutbrown v Thornton (1805) case, in specific performance, there are orders from the court that require defaulter to perform the certain contractual activities which it had to perform but did not so as the contract was breached (Paterson, J, Robertson, A Duke, 2015). Thus, as per this order to court directs the defaulter to engage in fulfilment of specific contractual actions or activities. This has proved to be an effective remedy in the for upholding the interests of the aggrieved party as adequate monetary compensation may not be sufficient or possible for any given case (Taylor Taylor, 2015). It is noteworthy that this remedy is used by court only in those cases when providing damages would not be sufficient to safeguard the interest of the aggrieved party. However, in the event of presence of ambiguous terms in the contract, the granti ng of specific performance may be denied by the court on the premise that it is not possible to objectively ascertain the underlying contractual obligations (Pathinayake, 2014). Injunction Injunction is yet another remedy available to the aggrieved party under the breach of contract. This is a court order as per which the defaulter is restrained from indulging in a specified activity that he/she may be indulging at the present (and might be causing breach) and also refrains defaulter from indulging in the same till the contract expires (Pendleton Vickery,2005). A relevant case to be discussed in this regard is Lumley v Wagner (1852) case. As per this case, Mile Wagner has enacted a contract with Benjamin Lumley as per which she would perform only at a particular theatre for a period of three months after the contract execution. However, she was approached by the theatre owner who gave her a large amount of money to sing for her and she agreed to sing for the theatre owner even before the three months were over. Lumley decided approached the court for relief and the court responded by providing an injunction which forbade her from performing for others in the present a nd also till the time the contract was successfully discharged ((Flitzpatrick et. al., 2014). Application It is apparent from the given case that Joe and Frere Bros have a legal and enforceable contract in play whereby Joe (a famous actor) could exclusively work for Frere Bros and not any other company for duration of five years. However it is given that Joe entered into a contract for doing a film with another company during the contract period and therefore breached the contract. The remedies at the disposal of Frere Bros in this case have already been highlighted. The key concern for Frere Bros in the given situation is that Joe is doing a film for another company and hence the aggrieved party(Frere Bros) needs a remedy so that the defaulting party (Joe) could be effectively restrained from acting in others film till the contract ends. Hence, as discussed in a similar case Lumley v Wagner (1852), the apt remedy for the given case is injunction which would restrain Joe for signing films with others in the present and future both. Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion, it would be prudent to conclude that in the given situation the most apt remedy for Frere Bros in order to safeguard its valid business interests is to sought an injunction order from court restraining Joe from acting in films offered by other companies for the contract duration. References Books Carter, J 2012, Contract Act in Australia, 3rd eds., LexisNexis Publications, Sydney Davenport, S Parker, D 2014, Business and Law in Australia, 2nd eds., LexisNexis Publications, Sydney Fitzpatrick, JF, Symes, CF, Veljanovski, A Parker, D 2014 , Business and Corporation Law, 2nd eds., LexisNexis Publications, Sydney Gibson, A Fraser, D 2014. Business Law, 8th eds., Pearson Publications, Sydney Paterson, J, Robertson, A Duke, A 2015, Principles of Contract Law, 5th eds., Thomson Reuters, Sydney Pathinayake, A 2014, Commercial and Corporations Law, 2nd eds., Thomson-Reuters, Sydney Pendleton, W Vickery, N 2005. Australian business law: principles and applications, 5th eds., Pearson Publications, Sydney Taylor, R Taylor, D 2015, Contract Law, 5th eds., Oxford University Press, London Case Law Addis v Gramophone[1909] AC 488 Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc (2002) 209 CLR 95 Jones v Padavatton [1969] 1 WLR 328 Lumley v Wagner (1852) 42 ER 687 Nutbrown v Thornton (1805) 10 Ves 159